Carcinoma de células escamosas de la lengua / Squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue

Las neoplasias de la lengua son los tumores más comunes de la cavidad bucal y la mayoría pertenecen a carcinomas de células escamosas. Presentamos dos casos de carcinomas de la lengua, correspondientes a un carcinoma escamoso moderadamente diferenciado y un carcinoma verrugoso, en mujeres de mediana edad con factores de riesgo oncogénicos. Estos tumores pueden tener diversos grados de diferenciación, los cuales determinan su pronóstico y tratamiento.

Tongue neoplasms are the most common in the oral cavity, and the majority correspond to squamous cell carcinomas. We present two cases of tongue carcinomas, corresponding to moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma and verrucous carcinoma, in middle-aged women with oncogenic risk factors.These tumors can have various degrees of differentiation, which determine their prognosis and treatment.

Effects of Autophagy-related Genes and Signal Pathways on Occurrence and Development of Oral Tumors / 肿瘤防治研究

Autophagy is a highly conservative cellular self-protective behavior dependent on lysosomes, and can be used as an important factor in promoting or preventing cancer, and its effect is related to the type and development of tumors. A full understanding of autophagy pathway is helpful to improve the diagnosis and treatment of tumors. Studies have shown that autophagy is closely related to the occurrence and development of oral tumors. Autophagy-related genes and signal pathways play a dual regulatory role on oral tumors. This article reviews the latest progress in the regulatory mechanism and therapeutic effect of autophagy on oral tumors.

Transcriptome sequencing technology and its application in oral diseases, dental implants and regeneration / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Since the application of transcriptome sequencing technology has made remarkable achievements in the research of melanoma and breast cancer, transcriptome sequencing technology has become a hot research method in scientific research and widely used in the field of stomatology. OBJECTIVE: To review the development of transcriptome sequencing technology and its application in various disciplines of stomatology through searching, screening and reading literature. METHODS: A search of CNKI, CBM and PubMed was performed for relevant literature published from 2015 through 2020. The search terms were “transcriptome, sequencing technology, RNA-seq, microarray, oral cancers, OSCC, periodontal, caries, pulp disease, tooth development, DPSCs, PDLSCs, orthodontics, implant” in English and Chinese, respectively. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 72 literatures were included to review the development of transcriptome sequencing technology and its application in the field of stomatology. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the development of transcriptome sequencing technology, RNA-seq technology has the greatest advantage in scientific research, because of its high accuracy, high throughput and low price. In the field of stomatology, this technology has been used in the research of oral squamous cell carcinoma, periodontitis, dental pulp disease, tooth regeneration, orthodontics and dental implantation, and has achieved some achievements. However, the current research on the same kind of disease does not reflect the relationship between the various studies, and the research content is limited. It is believed that more discoveries can be yielded in stomatology by exploring the relationship between different studies and expanding the research content.

Effects of TGF-β1 on the migration of oral cancer-associated fibroblasts in two and three dimensional co-culture models / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To observe the effect of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) on the migration of oral carcinoma associated fibroblasts (CAFs) with two-dimensional culture model and three-dimensional model.@*Methods @# Under two-dimensional culture conditions, CAFs stimulated by TGF-β1 with the addition of 10 ng/mL medium were used as the experimental group, and untreated CAFs were used as the control group. The migration of CAFs with the stimulation of TGF-β1 was measured by cell scratch assay and transwell assay. CAFs positive for green fluorescent protein (GFP) were cultured by retrovirus transfection. Human tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells SCC25, GFP(+) CAFs and CAFs with three-dimensional cell co-culture models were established. The three-dimensional model cultured under the stimulation of TGF-β1 with 10 ng/mL medium was used as the experimental group, and the three-dimensional model without TGF-β1 was used as the control group. The migration of CAFs with the stimulation of TGF-β1 was also measured by the three-dimensional models.@*Results@# It was verified that 10 ng/mL TGF-β1 promoted the migration of CAFs in the two-dimensional culture model. The three-dimensional co-culture models of SCC25, GFP(+) CAFs and CAFs were successfully established. The migration of SCC25 and CAFs was detected in the three-dimensional model. However, 10 ng/mL TGF-β1 had little effect on their migration.@*Conclusion@#The effect of TGF-β1 in vitro on the migration of oral CAFs was associated with different culture models in two and three dimensions.

Implicancias pronósticas de los márgenes quirúrgicos en el carcinoma oral / Prognostic implications of surgical margins in carcinoma of the oral cavity

Antecedentes: sobre la base de la bibliografía revisada y los resultados de supervivencia global y libre de enfermedad con diferentes márgenes de resección, se plantea la hipótesis de que márgenes < 5mm son suficientes para lograr una tasa de supervivencia global y comparables a las obtenidas con márgenes mayores. Objetivo: evaluar la supervivencia global y la supervivencia específica a 3 y 5 años de los pacientes con carcinomas escamosos de cavidad oral, en función de los márgenes quirúrgicos obtenidos. Material y métodos: se reclutaron entre enero de 2010 y diciembre de 2017 81 pacientes operados, 57,1%hombres, con una edad media de 60,49 años. Resultados: en el análisis multivariado en función de la supervivencia global y libre de enfermedad, resultaron variables pronósticas significativas el grado de diferenciación tumoral (p = 0,033), la invasión ganglionar extracapsular (p = 0,001) y la infiltración perineural (p = 0,000). Se pudo observar que no hay diferencias en la supervivencia libre de enfermedad de los diferentes grupos evaluados sobre la base de los márgenes quirúrgicos, pero se cree que la radioterapia posoperatoria estaría confundiendo la importancia real de los márgenes, debido a que la mayoría de los pacientes que presentaban márgenes cercanos fueron sometidos a radioterapia posoperatoria. Conclusiones: las variables analizadas concuerdan con la bibliografía en el sentido de que los únicos factores pronósticos resultan las características histológicas. Si bien existen muchos trabajos que analizan los márgenes en el carcinoma escamoso de cavidad oral, todavía no hay consenso en cuanto al valor pronóstico de los márgenes cercanos (1-5 mm).

Background: Based on the literature reviewed and the results of overall and disease-free survival with different surgical margins, we hypothesized that margins < 5mm are sufficient to achieve and overall survival rate and are comparable to those obtained with larger margins. Objective: The primary outcome of the present study was to evaluate overall survival and specific survival at 3 and 5 years of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity according to the surgical margins obtained. Material and methods: Between January 2010 and December 2017, 81 patients underwent surgery; 57.1% were men and mean age was 60.49 years. Results: At multivariate analysis, tumor differentiation (p = 0.033), extracapsular lymph node invasion (p = 0.001) and perineural invasion (p = 0.000) were identified as significant predictors of overall survival and disease-free survival. There were no differences in disease-free survival in the different groups evaluated based on the surgical margins. Yet, postoperative radiotherapy may actually obscure the importance of margins since most patients with close margins underwent postoperative radiotherapy. Conclusions: The variables analyzed in this paper are consistent with the literature in that only histological characteristics are prognostic factors. Although there are many studies analyzing the surgical margins in squamous carcinoma of the oral cavity, there is still no consensus regarding the prognostic value of close margins (1-5 mm).

A Study on Concordance of Pre and Post-surgical Biopsy in Oral Carcinoma

Background: Clinically suspicious oral lesions are usually first dealt with an incisional biopsy. The management and treatment plan of these entities depends mainly on this report. The disparity in incisional and excisional biopsy report is an important area of concern affecting the patient’s management. Objective: Aim of the study was to compare retrospectively the incisional (presurgical) and excisional (post-surgical) biopsy reports of proven cases of carcinomas. Material and Methods: A total of 98 excisional biopsy cases of proved oral carcinoma were selected. Both incisional and excisional biopsy reports were retrieved. Sex predilection, Frequency of site of tumor, correlation between incisional and excisional biopsy, type of biopsy and change in the status were studied and statistically analyzed. Significance between Pre-biopsy and post biopsy was statistically analyzed using Chi-Square Tests. Results: There was concordance of 66.3% in incisional and excisional biopsy report. 33.7% cases showed disparity. Upgrading in the excisional biopsy report was noted in 15.30% cases. Downgrading was noted in 14.26% cases. When statistically analyzed the difference in pre-and post-biopsy was statistically insignificant. Conclusion: Incisional biopsy was found to have certain restriction in the valuation of Oral lesions. Clinicians should be vigilant the possibility of under diagnosis from incisional biopsy and even undetected carcinoma in the incisional specimen, especially of nonhomogeneous lesions.

A Study on Concordance of Pre and Post-surgical Biopsy in Oral Carcinoma

Background: Clinically suspicious oral lesions are usually first dealt with an incisional biopsy. The management and treatment plan of these entities depends mainly on this report. The disparity in incisional and excisional biopsy report is an important area of concern affecting the patient’s management. Objective: Aim of the study was to compare retrospectively the incisional (presurgical) and excisional (post-surgical) biopsy reports of proven cases of carcinomas. Material and Methods: A total of 98 excisional biopsy cases of proved oral carcinoma were selected. Both incisional and excisional biopsy reports were retrieved. Sex predilection, Frequency of site of tumor, correlation between incisional and excisional biopsy, type of biopsy and change in the status were studied and statistically analyzed. Significance between Pre-biopsy and post biopsy was statistically analyzed using Chi-Square Tests. Results: There was concordance of 66.3% in incisional and excisional biopsy report. 33.7% cases showed disparity. Upgrading in the excisional biopsy report was noted in 15.30% cases. Downgrading was noted in 14.26% cases. When statistically analyzed the difference in pre-and post-biopsy was statistically insignificant. Conclusion: Incisional biopsy was found to have certain restriction in the valuation of Oral lesions. Clinicians should be vigilant the possibility of under diagnosis from incisional biopsy and even undetected carcinoma in the incisional specimen, especially of nonhomogeneous lesions.

A novel prognostic index for oral cancer in Fujian province / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To explore the survival factors and construct a prognostic index (PI) for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).Methods From January 2004 to June 2016,a total of 634 patients with pathologically confirmed OSCC were recruited in a hospital of Fujian.The clinical and follow-up data of all the patients with pathologically confirmed OSCC were collected to identify the factors influencing the prognosis of OSCC.All the patients were randomly divided into two groups:modeling group (modeling dataset,n =318) and validation group (validation dataset,n =316).Randomization was carried out by using computer-generated random numbers.In the modeling dataset,survival rates were calculated using Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank test.Cox regression model was used to estimate the hazard ratio (HRs) and 95％ confidence intervals (CIs) of prognosis factors.An PI for OSCC patients prognostic prediction model was developed based onβ value of each significant variable obtained from the multivariate Cox regression model.Using the tertile analysis,patients were divided into high-risk group,moderate-risk group,and low-risk group according to the PI,the Akaike information criterion (AIC) and Harrell's c-statistic (C index) were used to evaluated the model's predictability.Results Results from the multivariate Cox regression model indicated that aged ≥55 years (HR=2.22,95％ CI:1.45-3.39),poor oral hygiene (HR=2.12,95％ CI:1.27-3.54),first diagnosis of lymph node metastasis (HR=5.78,95％CI:3.60-9.27),TNM stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ (stage Ⅰ as reference) (HR=2.43,95％CI:1.10-5.37) and poor differentiation (well differentiation as reference) (HR=2.53,95％CI:1.60-4.01) were the risk factors influencing the prognosis of OSCC.The PI model had a high predictability in modeling group and validation group (AIC and C index were 1 205.80,0.700 2 and 1 150.47,0.737 3).Conclusion Age,poor oral hygiene,first diagnosis of lymph node metastasis,TNM stage and histological grade were factors associated with the prognosis of OSCC,and the PI model has a certain significance in the clinical treatment of OSCC.

Influence of luteolin on the invasion and migration of an human tongue squamous carcinoma cell line / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To investigate the effects of luteolin on the invasion and migration of the human tongue squamous carcinoma cell line SCCl5. @*Methods @#SCC15 cells were treated with various concentrations of luteolin (5, 10, 15, 20, 40 and 60 μg/mL) for 24, 48 and 72 h. The MTT assay was then carried out to estimate the proliferation of SCC15 cells treated with various concentrations of luteolin. SCC15 cells were treated with various concentrations of luteolin (1, 5 and 10 μg/mL), and the migration of SCC15 cells was examined in wound healing assays. SCC15 cells were treated with various concentrations of luteolin (5 and 10 μg/mL) for 24 h, and the migration and invasion of the cells were examined in Transwell migration/invasion assays. SCC15 cells were treated with various concentrations of luteolin (10, 20 and 40 μg/mL) for 24 h, and the conditioned medium was collected. The levels of the gelatinases matrix metalloproteinases-2 and -9 (MMP-2, MMP-9) in the conditional medium were detected by gelatin zymography assays.@*Results @#The MTT assay showed that luteolin had a substantial inhibitory effect on the proliferation of SCC15 cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner (P < 0.01). The migration, invasion and proliferation of the SCCl5 cell lines were significantly lower after treatment with luteolin than in the control. The numbers of migrating and invading SCCl5 cells were 340.00 ± 22.94, 52.67 ± 6.94 and 6.57 ± 0.80 versus 85.67 ± 5.18, 39.67 ± 4.63 and 2.67 ± 0.29, respectively (P < 0.01). The enzyme activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 decreased significantly in response to luteolin treatment in a concentration-dependent manner (P < 0.01). @*Conclusion @# Luteolin inhibited the invasion and migration of SCC15 cells by reducing the activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9.

Research progresses in occult lymph node metastasis of oral squamous cancer / 口腔疾病防治

@#Oral cancer is a common malignant tumor in head and neck cancers, and the metastasis of cervical lymph nodes directly affects the prognosis of patients with oral cancer. Exploration and study on the detection of occult lymph nodes in patients with negative cervical lymph nodes is of great importance to improve the prognosis of patients with early oral cancer. This article reviews some progresses of occult lymph node metastasis of oral cancer in ultrasound guided fine-needle aspiration cytology (US-FNAC)、 positron emission tomography and single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) fusion technology, sentinel lymph node biopsy technique (SLNB) and molecular biological detection、 nanotechnology and quantum dot technology.

A novel prognostic index for oral cancer in Fujian province / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To explore the survival factors and construct a prognostic index (PI) for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).Methods From January 2004 to June 2016,a total of 634 patients with pathologically confirmed OSCC were recruited in a hospital of Fujian.The clinical and follow-up data of all the patients with pathologically confirmed OSCC were collected to identify the factors influencing the prognosis of OSCC.All the patients were randomly divided into two groups:modeling group (modeling dataset,n =318) and validation group (validation dataset,n =316).Randomization was carried out by using computer-generated random numbers.In the modeling dataset,survival rates were calculated using Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank test.Cox regression model was used to estimate the hazard ratio (HRs) and 95％ confidence intervals (CIs) of prognosis factors.An PI for OSCC patients prognostic prediction model was developed based onβ value of each significant variable obtained from the multivariate Cox regression model.Using the tertile analysis,patients were divided into high-risk group,moderate-risk group,and low-risk group according to the PI,the Akaike information criterion (AIC) and Harrell's c-statistic (C index) were used to evaluated the model's predictability.Results Results from the multivariate Cox regression model indicated that aged ≥55 years (HR=2.22,95％ CI:1.45-3.39),poor oral hygiene (HR=2.12,95％ CI:1.27-3.54),first diagnosis of lymph node metastasis (HR=5.78,95％CI:3.60-9.27),TNM stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ (stage Ⅰ as reference) (HR=2.43,95％CI:1.10-5.37) and poor differentiation (well differentiation as reference) (HR=2.53,95％CI:1.60-4.01) were the risk factors influencing the prognosis of OSCC.The PI model had a high predictability in modeling group and validation group (AIC and C index were 1 205.80,0.700 2 and 1 150.47,0.737 3).Conclusion Age,poor oral hygiene,first diagnosis of lymph node metastasis,TNM stage and histological grade were factors associated with the prognosis of OSCC,and the PI model has a certain significance in the clinical treatment of OSCC.

Synchronous carcinoma of the floor of mouth carcinoma with esophageal carcinoma: a case report / 华西口腔医学杂志

This study presents a case of synchronous multiple primary cancers involving floor of mouth carcinoma with esophageal carcinoma. Literature was reviewed to summarize the incidence, location, diagnosis, treatment characteristics, and prognosis to improve understanding and awareness of the multiple primary cancer. As a result, early discovery, early diagnosis, and effective treatment can help prolong survival and improve the quality of life of patients.

Prognostic implications of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway in oral squamous cell carcinoma: overexpression of p-mTOR indicates an adverse prognosis

Background: The development of oral cavity cancer is related to the accumulation of genetic alterations. The activation of AKT is associated with the proliferation and progression of many malignancies. It is thought that MAP kinases, together with the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, promote uncoordinated proliferation via inhibition of PTEN, thus increasing cell survival and mediating cancer progression. However, there are few studies regarding the expression of these proteins in oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Methods: The expression of PI3K, p-mTOR, p-AKT, p-MAPK, and PTEN in 125 oral SCCs, including gingival, palate hard, and alveolar ridge tumors, was examined by immunohistochemistry and correlated with clinicopathological data and survival rates. Results: We observed PI3K, p-mTOR, p-MAPK, p-AKT, and PTEN positive staining in the cytoplasm of most SCC (92.4%, 88.2%, 88.3%, 94.2%, and 25%, respectively). Positive nuclear staining was observed for p-mTOR, PTEN, p-AKT, and p-MAPK (42.9%, 72%, 64.2%, and 58.2%, respectively). Only p-mTOR protein expression was observed on the cell membrane and was present in 44.5% of cases. A statistically significant correlation was found between p-MAPK expression and SCC clinicopathological stages III and IV (p = 0.0042). Lower rates of disease-free survival were found in patients with SCC III / IV (p = 0.001). Patients with positive nuclear staining of p-mTOR displayed a significant increase in disease-free survival rates. Discussion: The identification of prognostic and predictive markers is clinically important because oral cancer is a group of heterogeneous diseases with various biological and clinical characteristics. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the PI3K/AKT pathway is activated in gingival, hard palate, and alveolar ridge SCCs. We have demonstrated that p-mTOR expression can function as a biomarker for survival in oral SCCs and could be a promising therapeutic target in oral SCC treatment (AU)

Correlación histológica de expresión de marcadores Ki-67 y ciclina D1 presentes en carcinomas de células escamosas en cavidad oral / Histological correlation of Ki-67 and D1 cycline markers expression in squamous cell carcinoma in the oral cavity

Resumen: Introducción: El carcinoma oral de células escamosas (COCE) es una neoplasia maligna originada en los queratinocitos del epitelio. Biopsias tempranas, evidencian queratinocitos mitóticos displásicos e infiltrados inflamatorios subepiteliales que progresan a pérdida de la membrana basal. Sin embargo, en el diagnóstico histológico con hematoxilina y eosina (H&E) no se muestra adecuada correlación clínica, aspecto que mejora cuando se utilizan marcadores moleculares como Ki-67 y ciclina D1. El objetivo de este estudio es correlacionar la descripción histológica de casos de COCE con la expresión de Ki-67 y ciclina D1. Material y métodos: Se analizaron 12 pacientes con lesiones sugestivas de cáncer oral; fueron incluidos en el estudio pacientes con diagnóstico de COCE. Se tomaron biopsias únicas, procesamiento histotécnico para cortes en parafina, coloración con H&E y coloración inmunohistoquímica con ciclina D1 y Ki-67. Tres pacientes cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión, llamados C1, C2 y C3. Se clasificó el tipo de COCE según el American Joint Committee on Cancer. Resultados: Histológicamente el caso C1 fue clasificado como COCE tipo II, los casos C2 y C3 tipo I; en la inmunohistoquímica encontramos en C1 Ki-67 positivo y ciclina D1 negativo, para C2, Ki 67 negativo y ciclina D1 positivo y para C3 Ki-67 positivo y ciclina D1 negativo. Conclusiones: La búsqueda de marcadores como Ki67 y ciclina D1 en diagnósticos de COCE preestablecidos, pueden influenciar los resultados histológicos, contribuyendo a un diagnóstico más acertado así como los tratamientos a realizar en el paciente.

Abstract: Introduction: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a malignant neoplasia originated in the epithelium's keratocytes. Early biopsies reveal dysplastic mitotic keratocytes and sub-epithelial inflammatory infiltrate which progress towards a loss of basal membrane. Nevertheless, hematoxillin and eosin (H&E) histological diagnosis does not show suitable clinical correlation; this aspect improves when molecular markers such as Ki-67 and cyclin D1 are used. The aim of the present study was to correlate histological description of OSCC cases with Ki-676 and cyclin D1 expression. Material and methods: Twelve patients with lesions suggestive of oral cancer were analyzed, patients with OSCC diagnosis were included in the study. Single biopsies were taken, observing histological and technical processing for paraffin cuts, coloration with H&E and immunohistochemical coloration with cyclin D1 and Ki-67. Three patients met inclusion criteria, they were named C1, C2 and C3. OSCC type was classified according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer. Results: Histologically, C1 case was classified as type II OSCC. Cases C2 and C3 were classified as type I OSCC. Immunohistochemical analysis for C1 revealed Ki-67 positive and cyclin D1 negative; C2 exhibited Ki-67 negative and cyclin D1 positive, and C3 showed Ki-67 positive and cyclin D1 negative. Conclusions: Search for markers such as Ki67 and cyclin D1 in pre-established OSCC diagnoses can influence histological results, contributing thus to more accurate diagnosis and treatment for the patients.

Changes in the management and survival rates of patients with oral cancer: a 30-year single-institution study

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to evaluate changes in the management and 5-year survival rates of patients with oral cancer in our department over a 30-year period. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We investigated the patient distributions, treatment methods, method of neck dissection according to cancer stage, and 5-year survival rates for 700 oral cancer patients over the periods of 1982-1996 (256 patients), 1999-2006 (248 patients), and 2007-2011 (196 patients). RESULTS: Stage IV patients were the largest group in all of the time periods evaluated. Although surgery and radiotherapy were the most common methods in all periods (over 50%), the prevalence of patients who underwent concomitant chemoradiotherapy increased from 7.0% to 16.2%. The use of radical neck dissection decreased from 43.0% to 5.3%, while conservative surgical methods increased from 24.1% to 76.3%. Lastly, the overall 5-year survival rate increased from 31.6% to 63.5% during the study period. CONCLUSION: Although the 5-year survival rate reached the same level as that of other developed countries during the course of our study, most patients continue to come to the hospital with stage IV disease. In order to increase the 5-year survival rate of oral carcinoma, it may be necessary to improve public education and social efforts relevant to early diagnosis.

Role of Caricinogens In Oral Cancer: A Micronucleus Study.

Background: The three most common fatal cancers were oral, stomach, lung in men. Tobacco related cancers represented 42% in male and 18.3% in female cancer deaths. Poly cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) is the carcinogen present in tobacco leads to squamous cell carcinoma of oral cavity. Context and purpose of the study: To study the genotoxicity of tobacco and alcohol on the buccal mucosa of alchoholics, smokers and betel nut chewers which is indicated by increased Micro nuclei. 20 persons having the habit of consuming alcohol and smoking and betel nut chewing were compared with 20 controls. After getting the informed consent the material was collected and stained for MN Assay. Results: MN frequency in alcoholic, smokers, betel nut chewers were found to be significant with the ‘P’ value of <0.05 in our study. Conclusion: The present study has revealed that there is a correlation of significant increased frequency of micro nucleus present in users of (1) alcohol and smoking in combination (2) betel nut chewers as compared to normal counterparts, indicating strong cytogenetic damage which may lead to cancerous proliferation. Tobacco can be considered as a leading carcinogenic agent for causing DNA damage which is indicated by increased micro nucleus. Implication: The present micro nuclear study shows a feasible and economical method which could be used as a screening test in population having the habit of alcohol and smoking or betel nut chewing for identifying the effects of genomic instabilities and to introduce timely interventional strategy in order to treat and control the epidemic.

Effects of alcohol on micronucleus in human exfoliated buccal cells.

Background: Oral cancer is the most common malignancy in nearly half of Indian population. The main causes of oral carcinoma are tobacco, alcohol, poor diet and infective agents. These agents damage the chromosomes to form several secondary nuclei known as micronuclei. This study identifies the occurrence of micronuclei and also evaluates the frequency of micronuclei in stained smears of oral exfoliative cells from healthy subjects and alcoholic subjectsMaterials and methods: A total number of 60 alcoholic subjects were referred to the Department of Anatomy, SRM Medical College and Research Center, SRM Nagar for micronucleus assay from the Department of Dentistry. Equal numbers of controls were included with normal looking oral cavities. Results: Out of 60 alcoholic subjects 43 showed presence of micronuclei and out of 60 control subjects, only 6 showed micronuclei. With these observations, alcohol is one of the predisposing factors of oral carcinoma.Conclusion: It is evident from our present study, it is clear that in alcohol consumption, the buccal mucosa, which are at high risk for development of oral cancer, show an increase in the MN frequencies.

Study on LevelⅣmetastasis risk factor of oral squamous cell car-cinoma patients / 中国肿瘤临床

Objective:To investigate the Level Ⅳ metastasis risk factor of oral cancer patient's ipsilateral neck. Methods:The medical records of 624 cases (644 sides of the neck) that underwent neck dissection at the time of primary surgery for oral carcinoma were included. Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were performed to determine the factors associated with LevelⅣmetas-tasis. Results:Out of 334 cases (345 neck sides) with positive lymph nodes, only 35 sides (5.43%, 35/644) showed LevelⅢinvolve-ment and only 4 sides (0.62%, 4/644) developed skip metastasis (LevelⅢ). The metastatic rate of LevelⅣwas 1.31%(4/303) for pN-LevelsⅠ-Ⅲnecks and 9.14%(31/341) for pN+LevelsⅠ-Ⅲnecks. Using Chi-square test, pN+LevelsⅠ-Ⅲlymph node metastases were associated with the LevelⅣnodal metastases. For necks with pN+LevelⅢ, with three positive Levels among LevelsⅠ-Ⅲ, and with positive lymph node≥3 among LevelsⅠ-Ⅲ, the LevelⅣmetastasis rates were 22.47%(20/89), 28.57%(10/35), and 14.60%(20/137), respectively. Furthermore, logistic regression was applied to identify the relationship between the metastasis situation of the afore-mentioned three Levels and LevelⅣ. Three positive Levels among LevelsⅠ-Ⅲ(pN+LevelⅠ+pN+LevelⅡ+pN+LevelⅢ) were confirmed to correlate with the presence of the positive lymph nodes in LevelⅣ. Conclusion:In oral cancer patients, LevelsⅠ-Ⅲmetastaces will increase the risk of LevelⅣmetastasis.

Effects of cancer associated fibroblasts on biological function of tongue cancer cell / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To elucidate the effects of CAFs on the proliferation,migration and invasion of oral cancer cells and those on tumor growth.Potential mechanism was discussed.Methods:CAFs and SCC-9 or CAL-27 were cocultured.The proliferation of oral cancer cells were detected by measuring the level of RFP.A interaction model between CAFs and SCC-9 or CAL-27 were established with Transwell chambers to abserve the effects of CAFs on the migration and invasion of OCCs.The conditioned medium collected from mono-cultured CAFs or SSC-9 cell,and co-culture were subjected to a cytokine antibody array.Volumes of xenografts were obtained and presented.Results:At day 5,significant difference was found in OCC proliferation between OCC-CAFs group and OCC group.The SCC-9 cell number was up to 4.41±0.38 times as many as the initial number in co-culture group and 3.21±0.35 times in SCC-9 group(P<0.05).The proliferation of CAL-27 was similar to that of SCC-9.SCC-9 cells migrated to the bottom in group SCC-9+CAFs were 2.6± 0.42 times as many as group SCC-9(P<0.05).CAL-27 cells migrated to the bottom in group CAL-27+CAFs were 3.11±0.46 times as many as group CAL-27 ( P<0.05 ) .The similar results were found in invasion analysis.OCCs invaded more quickly towards medium derived from co-cultured cells than that from OCCs alone.Three human cytokines(CCL2,CCL5 and IL-8)were significantly upregulated in conditioned medium from co-cultured cells compared with those from CAFs or SSC-9 alone.Six weeks after injection,we observed that SCC-9 mixed with CAFs generated tumors of greater volume than those generated from SCC-9 cells alone.Conclusion:CAFs Promote the Proliferation,Migration,Invasion of oral cancer cells and tumor growth.Cytokines(CCL2,CCL5 and IL-8)may responsible for the bi-ological function change of cancer cells.

Significances of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and TGF-β1 expression in oral carcinoma / 实用口腔医学杂志

Immunohisto-chemical S-P method was used to examine the expression of E-cadherin,Vimentin and TGF-β1 in 54 cases oral carcinoma and 10 cases of normal oral mucosa.The positive rates of the expression of E-cadherin,Vimentin and TGF-β1 were 55.6%, 33.33% and 59.3%,respectively in oral carcinoma group(vs normal oral mucosa,P <0.05).The expression of TGF-β1 was correlated with lymph node metastasis,and showed significant positive correlation with Vimentin.Epithelial-mesenchymal transition may promote inva-sion and metastasis of oral carcinoma,and TGF-β1 promotes EMT.